Recently we ran into a problem where a client could not access shared files on his desktop computer by name, only by the IP address. Both computers were running XP SP3 and one was wireless. First we restarted the wireless router because we have seen a similar issue with a TrendNet wireless router where you couldn’t access network shares from the wireless computer, all it needed was a reboot. Unfortunately that was not the case this time so we went over the typical checklist. Obviously file and printer sharing was working and the firewall was not in the way because we could access file shares by IP address. We could not browse file shares by UNC or by browsing in Network Neighborhood (My Network Places).

So what was the fix? Microsoft KB 903267

Apparently the issue is related to invalid node types.

I have to say I love Microsoft-Fix-It. Now Windows users with limited computer skills can fix registry issues without opening the registry.

Here are some of the search terms we tried that did not pan out:

cannot access workgroup computers by name only ip address.
cannot access computer network by name only ip
cannot access computer network by name
cannot ping computer name
cannot browse computer by name

We hope this helps save you some time, let us know in the comments if it works for you.